This book is a sequel to The Practice of Machine Design, and The Practice of Machine Design, Book 3 - Learning from Failure. It deals with what happens inside the human mind during such activities as design and production, and how we reach decisions. Unlike other regular machine design textbooks or handbooks that describe how to accomplish good designs, the present volume explains what the designer thinks when making design decisions. A design starts with a vague concept and gradually takes shapes as it proceeds, and during this process the mind extracts elements and makes selections and decisions, the results expressed in sketches, drawings, or sentences. This book aims at exposing the reader to the processes of element extraction, selection, and decision-making through real-life examples. Such a book has never been published before. An explicit description of the processes of making decisions, on the contrary, has been greatly needed by designers, and the managers of design groups have been much aware of such a lack. The non-existence of this type of book in the past is due to the following three reasons: the benefit of describing the mind process of design was never made clear, the method of such clarification was unknown, and no one ever invested the vast energy for producing such a manifestation. Under these circumstances, we the members of the 'Practice of Machine Design Research Group' boldly tackled the problem of expressing the decision processes in design and have documented our findings in this book.

Dr. Yotaro Hatamura is a Professor Emeritus at the University of Tokyo where he earned his Master's Degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1966, being invited back to teach there two years later. At present he is also a Professor at Kogakuin University. His fields of interest include nano-micro machining, force sensing, intelligent manufacturing and biomedical engineering. In 2002, he founded the Association for the Study of Failure, after noticing that his students were more interested in learning about people's mistakes than about their success stories. He has developed a method of analysing mistakes and failures and in order to show how one can achieve success by learning from failures.