Preface	6
	Contents	8
	1 Introduction	12
	1.1 Towards 5G and IoT	12
	1.2 mm-Wave Spectrum, Challenges and Opportunities	13
	1.3 System Level Requirements for mm-Wave Wireless Links	16
	1.3.1 Free Space Loss and Beamforming	17
	1.3.2 Impairments Model	18
	1.3.3 Link Budget Design Examples	29
	1.4 Outline of This Book	32
	References	34
	2 Gm Stage and Passives in Deep-Scaled CMOS	36
	2.1 Gm Stage: MOS as a Transconductor	36
	2.1.1 DC Model and Regions of Operation (IDS)	37
	2.1.2 AC Model, Gain (gm) and Speed (ft, fMAX)	38
	2.1.3 Inversion Coefficient (IC) as a Design Parameter	39
	2.1.4 Effect of Scaling	39
	2.2 Effect of Scaling on Integrated Passives	41
	2.2.1 MOS Transistor as a Switch	41
	2.2.2 Capacitors	42
	2.2.3 Inductors	42
	2.2.4 Transformers	44
	2.2.5 Transmission Lines	45
	2.3 Conclusion	47
	References	47
	3 Gain-Bandwidth Enhancement Techniques for mm-Wave Fully-Integrated Amplifiers	49
	3.1 RLC Tank	49
	3.1.1 RC Low-Pass Filter	49
	3.1.2 RLC Band-Pass Filter	50
	3.2 Coupled Resonators	51
	3.2.1 Bode-Fano Limit	51
	3.2.2 Capacitively Coupled Resonators	53
	3.2.3 Inductively Coupled Resonators	54
	3.2.4 Magnetically Coupled Resonators	55
	3.2.5 Magnetically and Capacitively Coupled Resonators	56
	3.2.6 Coupled Resonators Comparison	57
	3.3 Transformer-Based Resonators	58
	3.3.1 On the Parasitic Interwinding Capacitance	58
	3.3.2 Effect of Unbalanced Capacitive Terminations	61
	3.3.3 Frequency Response Equalization	62
	3.3.4 On the Parasitic Magnetic Coupling in Multistage Amplifiers	64
	3.3.5 Extension to Impedance Transformation	65
	3.3.6 On the kQ Product	66
	3.3.7 Transformer-Based Power Dividers	68
	3.3.8 Transformer-Based Power Combiners	69
	3.4 Conclusion	69
	References	70
	4 mm-Wave LC VCOs	72
	4.1 LC VCOs Basics	73
	4.1.1 Negative Gm Model	73
	4.1.2 A General Result on Phase Noise	75
	4.1.3 More on Flicker Noise Upconversion and 2nd Order Effects	77
	4.1.4 Distributed Oscillators	80
	4.1.5 FOM and Challenges @mm-Wave	82
	4.2 Tuning Extension Techniques	84
	4.2.1 Varactors	85
	4.2.2 Switched Capacitors	85
	4.2.3 Switched Inductors	86
	4.2.4 Switched TLs	87
	4.2.5 4th Order Tanks and Other Techniques	88
	4.3 Design Example: A Dual-Band Transformer-Coupled QVCO in 28nm CMOS	88
	4.3.1 Proposed Transformer-Coupled Quadrature VCO	89
	4.3.2 Design Considerations at mm-Wave and Circuit Implementation	98
	4.3.3 Measurement Results	101
	4.3.4 Appendix	105
	4.4 Conclusion	107
	References	108
	5 mm-Wave Dividers	112
	5.1 Injection Locking: Operation Principle	113
	5.2 High Speed Dividers	115
	5.2.1 Injection Locked LC Dividers	115
	5.2.2 Current-Mode Logic (CML) Dividers	117
	5.3 Design Example: An Ultra-wideband Divide-by-4 in 28nm CMOS	120
	5.3.1 Design for Maximum Locking Range and Minimum Power Consumption in the E-Band	121
	5.3.2 Measurement Results	122
	5.4 Conclusion	126
	References	127
	6 mm-Wave Broadband Downconverters	129
	6.1 Receiver Architectures	129
	6.2 Low-Noise Amplifiers Basics	131
	6.2.1 Challenges @mm-Wave	131
	6.2.2 Most Adopted Circuits	132
	6.2.3 Cascode Limitations	136
	6.2.4 Neutralized CS Amplifier	137
	6.2.5 Broadband Input Match	138
	6.3 Downconversion Mixers @mm-Wave	140
	6.4 Design Example 1: A Wideband LNA in 28nm CMOS	141
	6.4.1 LNA Architecture	141
	6.4.2 Measurement Results	143
	6.5 Design Example 2: A Wideband Downconverter Front-End in 28nm CMOS	147
	6.5.1 Receiver Architecture	147
	6.5.2 RF Mixer and Power Splitter	148
	6.5.3 If Mixer, Baseband TIA and I/Q Generation	150
	6.5.4 Measurement Results	150
	6.6 Conclusion	156
	References	157
	7 mm-Wave Highly-Linear Broadband Power Amplifiers	160
	7.1 Power Amplifiers Basics	161
	7.1.1 Single Transistor Amplifier Under Large Signal	161
	7.1.2 Trade-Offs in PA Design: Po, PAE and Linearity	161
	7.1.3 Harmonic Terminations and Switching Amplifiers	163
	7.1.4 Challenges @mm-Wave	166
	7.2 Class-AB Power Amplifier @mm-Wave	167
	7.2.1 Efficiency at Power Back-Off	168
	7.2.2 Sources of AM-PM Distortion	170
	7.2.3 Distortion Cancellation Techniques	173
	7.3 Design Example: A Highly Linear Wideband PA in 28nm CMOS	180
	7.3.1 Broadband Impedance Transformation	181
	7.3.2 Transformer-Based Output Combiner and Inter-stage Power Divider	183
	7.3.3 More on the kQ Product	186
	7.3.4 Measurement Results	189
	7.3.5 Appendix I	198
	7.3.6 Appendix II	199
	7.4 Conclusion	199
	References	200
	8 Conclusion	203
	8.1 Summary	203
	8.2 Major Contributions	204
	8.3 Suggestions for Future Work	205
	References	207
	Index	209