Preface	6
	About the Book	8
	Contents	9
	Acronyms and Nomenclature	12
	Introduction	14
	References	15
	1 Structure and Properties of Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials	16
	1.1 Classification and Structure of Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials	17
	1.2 Mesomorphous and Optical Properties of Cholesteric Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials	22
	1.3 Physical Anisotropy and Application of Cholesteric Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials	31
	References	34
	2 Tribology and Lubrication of Solids	36
	2.1 Modern Antifriction and Antiwear Additives in Tribology (Passive Friction Control)	37
	2.2 Present-Day Advances in Control of Antifriction Behavior of Solids (Active Friction Control)	57
	2.3 Effect of Lattice-Ordered Lubricant Film on Friction of Solids	65
	2.3.1 Structure of Fine Fluid Layers on the Solid Body Contact	66
	2.3.2 Surface Forces in Fine Fluid Interlayers	72
	2.3.3 Effects Observed During Deformation of Structured Boundary Layers	76
	2.3.4 The Concept of the Micropolar Fluid and Related Hydrodynamic Effects	86
	2.4 Tribology of Synovial Joints—Unique Natural Rubbing Organs	91
	2.4.1 Theories and Hypotheses About Lubrication in the Living Joints	91
	2.4.2 Conceptual Approaches to the Explanation of Low Friction in the Joints	98
	References	106
	3 Engineering and Technique of Experimental Tests of Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials	115
	3.1 Triboengineering Tests	115
	3.1.1 Triboengineering Tests on Standard Equipment	115
	3.1.2 Integral-Counting Method for Estimation of Small Variations of Oscillation Parameters for High-Precision Tribometry	117
	3.1.3 Experimental Setup for the Simulation of Friction Processes in Natural Rubbing Organs–Joints	127
	3.1.4 Tribometric Equipment for Precision Tests of Metal- and Biopolymer Coupling	132
	3.2 Methods to Determine the Structuring Additives and Their Content in the Basic Compositions	149
	3.2.1 Infrared Spectroscopy	149
	3.2.2 Determination of the Concentration of the Liquid Crystal Additive in the Base Compositions by Measuring a Rotation Angle of Polarization Plane	150
	3.2.3 Development of Methods and Equipment to Control the Mesophase of Cholesteric Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials and Their Compounds	151
	References	153
	4 Tribological Properties of Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials	156
	4.1 Influence of Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials on Friction of Chemically-Inactive Materials	156
	4.2 Influence of Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials on Friction of Metal Tribosystems	160
	4.3 Adsorptive Properties of Liquid-Crystal Compounds	172
	4.3.1 Interaction of Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials with Hard Surface in Static Contact	173
	4.3.2 Triboinduced Adsorption of Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials Under Frictional Interaction of Solids	177
	4.4 The Role of Liquid-Crystal Additives in Mechanism of Friction, Wear, and Lubrication of Tribosystems	182
	4.5 Diagnostics of Liquid-Crystal Cholesterol Compounds in Lubricants by Optical Methods	187
	4.6 Lubricity of Cholesteric Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials and Their Mixtures Depending on Temperature	191
	References	196
	5 Practical Application of Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterial in Engineering and Medicine	200
	5.1 Application of Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials When Running-In of Internal-Combustion Engines	200
	5.2 Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials as Antiwear Engine Oil Additives	205
	5.3 Assessment of Liquid-Crystal Compositions’ Efficiency When Polishing of Diamonds	208
	5.4 Artificial Mediums Based on Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials for Correction of Joint Tribology	210
	5.5 Lubricants Based on Vacuum Oil Distillates and Liquid-Crystal Nanomaterials	214
	References	219
	Conclusions	221
	Index	223