Foreword	7
	Preface	9
	Acknowledgements	11
	About the Book	12
	Contents	13
	1 Introduction to Laser Metal Deposition Process	16
	Abstract	16
	1.1 Additive Manufacturing Technology	16
	1.2 Brief Background of Laser Metal Deposition Process	19
	1.3 Summary	20
	Acknowledgements	21
	References	21
	2 Laser Basics and Laser Material Interactions	25
	Abstract	25
	2.1 Introduction	25
	2.2 History and Development of Laser	26
	2.3 Types of Lasers	28
	2.3.1 Solid State Laser	28
	2.3.2 Gaseous State Laser	29
	2.3.3 Liquid State Laser	29
	2.3.4 Chemical Lasers	30
	2.3.5 Semiconductor Lasers	30
	2.4 Properties of Lasers	30
	2.4.1 Monochromaticity	31
	2.4.2 Coherency	33
	2.4.3 Directionality	35
	2.5 Principles of Laser	37
	2.5.1 Amplifying or Gain Medium	37
	2.5.2 Pumping System	40
	2.5.3 Optical Resonance System	41
	2.6 Laser Safety	42
	2.7 Areas of Application of Laser	43
	2.8 Laser Material Interaction	45
	2.9 Summary	47
	Acknowledgements	47
	References	47
	3 Laser Metal Deposition Process, Solidification Mechanism and Microstructure Formation	50
	Abstract	50
	3.1 Introduction	50
	3.2 Laser Metal Deposition Process Description	52
	3.3 The Advantages and Limitations of Laser Metal Deposition	55
	3.4 Solidification and Microstructural Evolution During the LMD Process	56
	3.5 Properties Resulting from LMD Process	59
	3.6 Summary	69
	Acknowledgements	70
	References	70
	4 Processing Parameters in Laser Metal Deposition Process	73
	Abstract	73
	4.1 Introduction	73
	4.2 Processing Parameter in Laser Metal Deposition Process	74
	4.2.1 Laser Power	74
	4.2.2 Effect of Laser Power on the Surface Finish	75
	4.2.3 Effect of Laser Power on the Microstructure	80
	4.2.4 Effect of Laser Power on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties	87
	4.3 Scanning Velocity	89
	4.3.1 Effect of Scanning Speed on the Surface Finish	90
	4.3.2 Effect of Scanning Speed on the Microstructure	93
	4.3.3 Effect of Scanning Speed on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties	98
	4.4 Powder or Wire Flow Rate and Gas Flow Rate	100
	4.5 Laser Beam Diameter and Overlap Percentage	101
	4.6 Summary	102
	Acknowledgements	102
	References	102
	5 Laser Metal Deposition of Metals and Alloys	105
	Abstract	105
	5.1 Introduction	105
	5.2 Laser Metal Deposition of Metal-Alloys	106
	5.3 Summary	128
	Acknowledgements	128
	References	128
	6 Laser Metal Deposition of Composites and Functionally Graded Materials	131
	Abstract	131
	6.1 Introduction	131
	6.2 Laser Metal Deposition of Composite Materials	132
	6.3 Laser Metal Deposition of Functionally Graded Composite Materials	141
	6.4 Summary	151
	Acknowledgements	151
	References	151
	7 Areas of Application of Laser Metal Deposition Process–Part Repair and Remanufacturing	154
	Abstract	154
	7.1 Introduction	154
	7.2 Laser Metal Deposition Process in Repair	155
	7.3 Laser Metal Deposition Process in Remanufacturing	164
	7.4 Laser Metal Deposition in Surface Modification	167
	7.5 Summary	172
	Acknowledgements	172
	References	172
	8 Laser Metal Deposition of Titanium Alloy and Titanium Alloy Composite: Case Studies	176
	Abstract	176
	8.1 Introduction	176
	8.2 Case Study 1: Scanning Velocity Effect on Properties of Titanium Alloy Produced by Laser Metal Deposition Process	178
	8.2.1 Introduction	178
	8.2.2 Experimental Procedure	179
	8.2.3 Results and Discussion	181
	8.2.4 Conclusion	185
	8.3 Case Study 2: Effect of Laser Power on Laser Metal Deposited Ti6Al4V/TiC Composite	186
	8.3.1 Introduction	186
	8.3.2 Wear Performance Behaviour of Ti6Al4V	187
	8.3.3 Experimental Method	189
	8.3.4 Results and Discussion	195
	8.4 Summary	202
	Acknowledgements	203
	References	203
	9 Research Advancements in Laser Metal Deposition Process	207
	Abstract	207
	9.1 Introduction	207
	9.2 Additive Manufacturing	209
	9.3 Laser Metal Deposition Process	211
	9.4 Research Progress in Laser Metal Deposition Process	212
	9.5 Summary	213
	Acknowledgements	214
	References	214
	10 Future Research Need and in Laser Metal Deposition Process and Summary	221
	Abstract	221
	10.1 Introduction	221
	10.2 Future Research Need in Laser Metal Deposition Process	223
	10.3 Summary	223
	Acknowledgements	224
	References	224