Preface	6
	The Symposium Series, the Venue, and the Conference Program	7
	Contents	12
	1 Introduction	16
	1 Concluding Comments	17
	2 The Nexus of Food, Energy, and Water Resources: Visions and Challenges in Spatial Computing	19
	Abstract	19
	1 Introduction	20
	2 A Spatial Computing Vision	23
	2.1 FEW Observations	24
	2.2 FEW Data Management	24
	2.3 FEW Data Mining	25
	2.4 Decision Support	26
	2.5 FEW Data Visualization	27
	3 Spatial Computing Challenges	27
	3.1 FEW Observation Challenges	27
	3.2 FEW Data Management Challenges	28
	3.3 FEW Data-Mining Challenges	29
	3.4 FEW Decision Support Challenges	30
	3.5 FEW Data Visualization Challenges	31
	4 Summary	31
	Acknowledgements	32
	References	32
	3 The Bird’s-Eye View from a Worm’s-Eye Perspective	35
	Abstract	35
	1 Introduction	35
	2 Ups and Downs	37
	3 Ins and Outs	39
	4 Before and After	39
	5 Here and There	42
	6 Corners and Curves	43
	7 Conclusion	44
	References	45
	Spatial Data: Construction, Representation, and Visualization	46
	High-Resolution Population Grids for the Entire Conterminous United States	47
	1 Introduction	47
	2 Data and Methods	49
	2.1 The Gen-1 Disaggregation Method	50
	2.2 The Gen-2 Disaggregation Method	50
	3 Results	51
	4 Conclusions	56
	References	57
	5 A Hybrid Dasymetric and Machine Learning Approach to High-Resolution Residential Electricity Consumption Modeling	59
	Abstract	59
	1 Introduction	60
	2 Related Work	60
	3 Methodology	61
	4 Application and Results	63
	4.1 Datasets	63
	4.2 Results and Discussion	64
	5 Conclusion	68
	Acknowledgements	69
	References	69
	6 Can Social Media Play a Role in the Development of Building Occupancy Curves?	71
	Abstract	71
	1 Introduction	72
	2 Unit Occupancy	73
	3 Social Media Unit Occupancy	74
	4 Results	75
	5 A Model-Based Research Agenda	75
	Acknowledgment	77
	References	77
	7 Application of Social Media Data to High-Resolution Mapping of a Special Event Population	79
	Abstract	79
	1 Introduction	80
	2 Methods and Results	80
	3 Discussion	85
	Acknowledgements	85
	References	85
	8 Animating Maps: Visual Analytics Meets GeoWeb 2.0	87
	Abstract	87
	1 Introduction	87
	2 Literature Review	88
	3 System Design	89
	3.1 Mode of Operation	89
	3.1.1 Automatic Mode	89
	3.1.2 User Customization Mode	91
	3.2 System Architecture	91
	3.2.1 User Interface	92
	3.2.2 Server	93
	3.2.3 Map API	93
	3.2.4 Database	93
	4 Results	93
	5 Conclusion	95
	References	95
	9 Atvis: A New Transit Visualization System	97
	Abstract	97
	1 Introduction	97
	2 Atvis Visualization Model	99
	2.1 Goals and Objectives	99
	2.2 Atvis Model Design	99
	3 An Atvis Visualization Demonstration Program	100
	3.1 Data Description	101
	3.2 Backend System	101
	3.3 The Frontend System	102
	3.4 Visualization Methodologies	106
	3.4.1 The Display Method	106
	3.4.2 The Arc Normalization Method	106
	3.4.3 The Arc Scaling Algorithm	106
	4 Discussion/Conclusion	107
	References	107
	10 Mapping Spatiotemporal Patterns of Disabled People: The Case of the St. Jude’s Storm Emergency	109
	Abstract	109
	1 Introduction	110
	2 Data	111
	2.1 The Oyster Card System	111
	2.2 A Case Study	112
	2.3 Choosing Covariates	113
	2.3.1 Opportunities/Destinations	113
	2.3.2 PTAL	114
	3 Methods	115
	3.1 Data Preparation	115
	3.2 Defining the Spatial Neighborhood	116
	3.3 Modeling	117
	4 Results	119
	5 Conclusions	121
	6 Limitations and Future Work	122
	References	123
	11 Terra Populus: Challenges and Opportunities with Heterogeneous Big Spatial Data	126
	Abstract	126
	1 Introduction	126
	2 Terra Populus	127
	3 Terra Populus User Interface	128
	4 Terra Populus’s High-Performance Architecture	129
	4.1 Microdata Integration	129
	4.2 High-Performance Computation of Vector and Raster Data	130
	5 Conclusion	131
	References	132
	Spatial Analysis: Methods and Applications	133
	12 A Deviation Flow Refueling Location Model for Continuous Space: A Commercial Drone Delivery System for Urban Areas	135
	Abstract	135
	1 Introduction	136
	2 Route Derivation: A Convex Path Algorithm	136
	3 Distance-Restricted Maximal Coverage Location Model	138
	4 A Heuristic Solution Technique: Simulated Annealing with a Greedy Algorithm	139
	5 Application Results	140
	6 Conclusions	141
	References	141
	13 Exploring the Spatial Decay Effect in Mass Media and Location-Based Social Media: A Case Study of China	143
	Abstract	143
	1 Introduction	143
	2 Datasets	144
	2.1 The Main Dataset: GDELT	145
	2.2 Complementary Datasets	146
	3 Methodology and Preliminary Results	147
	3.1 Data Preprocessing	147
	3.2 Model Construction	147
	4 Conclusion	150
	References	151
	14 Uncovering the Digital Divide and the Physical Divide in Senegal Using Mobile Phone Data	153
	Abstract	153
	1 Introduction	153
	2 Methods	154
	3 Results	156
	3.1 The Digital Divide	156
	3.2 The Physical Divide	157
	4 Conclusions	160
	References	161
	15 Application of Spatio-Temporal Clustering For Predicting Ground-Level Ozone Pollution	162
	Abstract	162
	1 Introduction	163
	2 Method	163
	3 Dataset	164
	4 Data Mining	167
	5 Ozone Forecasting	172
	6 Conclusion	175
	References	175
	16 Does the Location of Amerindian Communities Provide Signals About the Spatial Distribution of Tree and Palm Species?	177
	Abstract	177
	1 Introduction	178
	2 Methodology	179
	2.1 The Study Area	179
	2.2 Collection of Spatial and Attribute Data About Multiple-Use Plants	180
	2.3 Designing the Spatial Dataset	182
	3 Results	182
	4 Discussion/Conclusions	185
	5 Future Work	186
	Acknowledgements	186
	References	187
	World Climate Search and Classification Using a Dynamic Time Warping Similarity Function	188
	1 Introduction	188
	2 Data and Methods	189
	2.1 Data Source	190
	2.2 Data Preprocessing	190
	2.3 Variables and Their Normalization	190
	2.4 Dissimilarity Measure	192
	2.5 Clustering Methods and CCs Comparisons	194
	3 Climate Classifications	195
	4 Climate Search	198
	5 Conclusions	201
	References	202
	18 Attribute Portfolio Distance: A Dynamic Time Warping-Based Approach to Comparing and Detecting Common Spatiotemporal Patterns Among Multiattribute Data Portfolios	203
	Abstract	203
	1 Introduction	204
	2 Dynamic Time Warping	204
	3 Attribute Portfolio Distance	206
	4 Trend Only Attribute Portfolio Distance	206
	5 Application and Results	207
	6 Summary	209
	Acknowledgements	210
	References	211
	19 When Space Beats Time: A Proof of Concept with Hurricane Dean	212
	Abstract	212
	1 Introduction	213
	2 A Case Study: The Yucatan Peninsula—NDVI Before and After Hurricane Dean	214
	3 Methods and Data	214
	3.1 Data	215
	3.2 Methods: Temporal and Spatial Models	216
	3.3 Model Performance Assessment	216
	4 Results	217
	5 Conclusion and Discussion	219
	References	220
	20 Using Soft Computing Logic and the Logic Scoring of Preference Method for Agricultural Land Suitability Evaluation	221
	Abstract	221
	1 Introduction	222
	2 Context of the Case Study	222
	3 The Logic Scoring of Preference Method	223
	4 LSP Land Suitability Maps	227
	5 Conclusion	229
	Acknowledgements	230
	References	230
	21 Surgical Phase Recognition using Movement Data from Video Imagery and Location Sensor Data	232
	Abstract	232
	1 Introduction	233
	2 Data Collection	234
	2.1 Video Imagery	234
	2.2 Ultrasonic Location Aware System	234
	3 Methods	235
	3.1 Tag Movements	235
	3.2 Optical Flow	236
	3.3 Trajectory Clustering	236
	4 Results	237
	5 Discussion	238
	Acknowledgements	239
	References	239
	Spatial Statistical and Geostatistical Modeling	241
	22 Respondent-Driven Sampling and Spatial Autocorrelation	242
	Abstract	242
	1 Introduction	243
	2 Data	243
	2.1 Network	243
	2.2 Demographics	244
	2.3 Transformation and Mapping	245
	2.4 Spatial Autocorrelation	245
	3 Methodology	248
	3.1 Network Chains	248
	3.2 Simulation Design	248
	4 Anticipated Results	248
	Acknowledgements	249
	Appendix	249
	References	251
	23 The Moran Coefficient and the Geary Ratio: Some Mathematical and Numerical Comparisons	253
	Abstract	253
	1 Introduction	253
	2 The Relationship Between the MC and GR	254
	3 Derivation of the MC and GR Asymptotic Variances	255
	4 Efficiency Analysis	257
	4.1 Normal Variance Ratios	259
	4.2 Uniform Variance Ratios	260
	4.3 Beta Variance Ratios	262
	4.4 Exponential Variance Ratios	262
	4.5 Variance Ratio Convergence	264
	5 A Power Comparison	265
	5.1 Establishing Statistical Power	265
	5.2 Theoretical Evaluation	267
	6 Conclusions	268
	References	269
	24 A Variance-Stabilizing Transformation to Mitigate Biased Variogram Estimation in Heterogeneous Surfaces with Clustered Samples	270
	Abstract	270
	1 Introduction	270
	2 Methodology	272
	2.1 Data	272
	2.2 The Box–Cox Transformation and Kriging Prediction	273
	3 Results	277
	4 Conclusions	278
	References	279
	Estimating a Variance Function of a Nonstationary Process	280
	1 Introduction	280
	2 Data Model and Variance Function Estimator	281
	2.1 Data Model	281
	2.2 Notation and Definitions	282
	2.3 A Variance Function Estimator	284
	3 Exploring Filter Options and an Application	285
	3.1 The Filter Configuration and Weights	285
	3.2 Simulation Set-up	286
	3.3 Results and Recommendations	287
	3.4 An Empirical Example	290
	4 Conclusions	291
	References	292
	26 The Statistical Distribution of Coefficients for Constructing Eigenvector Spatial Filters	293
	Abstract	293
	1 Introduction	293
	2 Eigenvector Spatial Filtering	294
	3 Methodology	294
	4 A Simulation Experiment	295
	5 Results	296
	6 Implications	299
	Acknowledgements	300
	References	300
	27 Spatial Data Analysis Uncertainties Introduced by Selected Sources of Error	301
	Abstract	301
	1 Introduction	301
	2 Literature Review	302
	3 Data and Simulation Experiments	303
	3.1 Location Error Simulation Experiment Design	303
	3.2 Measurement Error Simulation Experiment Design	305
	4 Results	306
	4.1 Location Error	306
	4.2 Measurement Error	306
	5 Findings and Future Research	308
	Acknowledgements	310
	References	310
	28 Spatiotemporal Epidemic Modeling with libSpatialSEIR: Specification, Fitting, Selection, and Prediction	312
	Abstract	312
	1 Introduction	312
	2 Stochastic Compartmental Models	313
	3 Software	315
	4 Analysis	315
	5 Impact	319
	References	319
	29 Geostatistical Models for the Spatial Distribution of Uranium in the Continental United States	321
	Abstract	321
	1 Introduction	321
	2 Methods	323
	3 Results	324
	4 Conclusions	329
	Acknowledgements	330
	References	330
	30 Modeling Land Use Change Using an Eigenvector Spatial Filtering Model Specification for Discrete Responses	331
	Abstract	331
	1 Introduction	331
	2 Multinomial Autologistic Regression for Land Suitability Analysis	332
	3 Estimation Method	333
	4 Study Area and Data	334
	5 Results	336
	5.1 The Nonspatial MNL Model	337
	5.2 The Spatial MNL Model	338
	6 Conclusion	339
	References	339
	Computational Challenges and Advances in Geocomputation: High-Performance Computation and Dynamic Simulation	341
	31 From Everywhere to Everywhere (FETE): Adaptation of a Pedestrian Movement Network Model to a Hybrid Parallel Environment	342
	Abstract	342
	1 Introduction	342
	2 Proposed Solution	344
	3 Results	345
	4 Conclusions	347
	Acknowledgements	347
	References	348
	32 Parallelizing Affinity Propagation Using Graphics Processing Units for Spatial Cluster Analysis over Big Geospatial Data	349
	Abstract	349
	1 Introduction	349
	2 The Affinity Propagation Program	351
	3 Computation Constraints in the AP Program	353
	4 Parallelization of the AP Program	354
	5 Implementation of the Parallelized AP Program with the GPU	355
	6 Conclusion	357
	Acknowledgments	358
	Appendix 1	358
	Appendix 2	361
	References	362
	33 A Web-Based Geographic Information Platform to Support Urban Adaptation to Climate Change	364
	Abstract	364
	1 Introduction	365
	2 The Urban-CAT Framework	366
	2.1 Framework	367
	2.2 Methods	368
	3 Some Initial Results	371
	4 Conclusion	372
	Acknowledgements	373
	References	373
	34 A Fully Automated High-Performance Image Registration Workflow to Support Precision Geolocation for Imagery Collected by Airborne and Spaceborne Sensors	375
	Abstract	375
	1 Introduction	375
	2 Core Development Concepts	376
	3 Registration Workflow	376
	3.1 Preprocessing	377
	3.2 Trusted Source Selection	379
	3.3 Global Localization	379
	3.4 Image Registration	380
	3.5 Sensor Model Resection and Uncertainty Propagation	382
	3.6 A Note About Spatial Uncertainty	382
	3.7 Enhanced Metadata Generation	383
	4 Initial System Performance Metrics	384
	5 Conclusion	385
	Acknowledgements	385
	References	385
	35 MIRAGE: A Framework for Data-Driven Collaborative High-Resolution Simulation	387
	Abstract	387
	1 Introduction	388
	2 Methods and Data	388
	3 Model Execution and Work in Progress	392
	4 Conclusion and the Next Steps	394
	Acknowledgements	394
	References	394
	36 A Graph-Based Locality-Aware Approach to Scalable Parallel Agent-Based Models of Spatial Interaction	396
	Abstract	396
	1 Introduction	397
	2 Literature Review	397
	2.1 Spatially Explicit Agent-Based Models	397
	2.2 Locality of Reference	398
	3 A Locality-Aware Approach	400
	3.1 The Locality Principle	400
	3.2 Locality-Aware Computational Domain	400
	4 Design and Experimentation of Parallel SE-ABMs	402
	4.1 Agent-Based Spatial Interaction Model	402
	4.2 Homogeneous Neighborhoods	403
	4.3 Heterogeneous Neighborhoods	404
	4.4 Locality-Aware Parallel Models on Shared-Memory Platforms	405
	5 Results and Discussion	407
	5.1 Homogeneous Interaction	407
	5.2 Heterogeneous Interaction	410
	6 Conclusions and Future Work	411
	References	412
	37 Simulation of Human Wayfinding Uncertainties: Operationalizing a Wandering Disutility Function	415
	Abstract	415
	1 Introduction	415
	2 Definitions	416
	3 The Research Problem	416
	4 Background	417
	4.1 Quantifying Dementia	417
	4.2 Spatial Orientation and Human Wayfinding	418
	4.3 Wandering Behavior	419
	4.4 Observation and Simulation of Human Movement and Wandering	419
	5 Methods	420
	6 Expected Results	422
	7 Conclusion	422
	References	424
	38 Design and Validation of Dynamic Hierarchies and Adaptive Layouts Using Spatial Graph Grammars	426
	Abstract	426
	1 Introduction	427
	2 Theory and Methodology	427
	2.1 Dynamic Hierarchies with Emergence	428
	2.2 Modeling with Multiple Representations	429
	2.3 Adapting to Layout Context with Spatial Semantics	429
	3 Implementation	430
	4 Conclusion and Discussion	433
	Acknowledgements	434
	References	434