Acknowledgements	6
	Contents	10
	List of Figures	14
	List of Tables	16
	Chapter 1: Social Media Data Mining Becomes Ordinary	17
	Data Abundance and Its Consequences	17
	Researching Ordinary Social Media Data Mining	27
	Chapter 2: Why Study Social Media Data Mining?	34
	Introduction	34
	Four Characteristics of Social Media: Participation, Sharing, Intimacy and Monetisation	36
	What Is Social Media Data Mining?	44
	Conclusion	53
	Chapter 3: What Should Concern Us About Social Media Data Mining? Key Debates	55
	Introduction	55
	Critiques of (Social Media) Data Mining	58
	Less Privacy, More Surveillance	58
	Discrimination and Control	61
	Methodological Concerns	63
	Issues of Access and Inequality	66
	Seeking Agency in Data Mining Structures	67
	Worker Agency	70
	User Agency	72
	Techno-agency	74
	Postscript on Agency: Acting Ethically in Times of Data Mining	76
	Conclusion	78
	Chapter 4: Public Sector Experiments with Social Media Data Mining	81
	Introduction	81
	Action Research and the Production of Publics	84
	Knowing and Forming Publics	84
	Action-Researching Public Uses of Social Media Data Mining	85
	Social Media Data Mining for the Public Good?	90
	Uses of Social Media Data Mining	90
	Understanding Publics, Desiring Numbers	93
	Constituting Publics	101
	How Keywords Constitute Publics	101
	How Expertise (Or Its Absence) Constitutes Publics	103
	Working Around Data Non-abundance to Constitute Publics	105
	Conclusion: What Should Concern Us About Public Sector Social Media Data Mining?	108
	Chapter 5: Commercial Mediations of Social Media Data	112
	Introduction	112
	The Practices of Intermediary Insights Companies and the Concerns of Workers	117
	Who Companies and Interviewees Are	117
	What Companies and Interviewees Do	119
	Social Media Data Mining as Moral and Economic Practice	124
	Accessing ‘Public’ Data	126
	Drawing Ethical Boundaries	129
	Transparency as Ethics	131
	Who Benefits from Social Media Data Mining?	133
	Regulation as Ethical Solution?	135
	Conclusion: Concerns and Ethics in Commercial Social Media Data Mining Practice	137
	Chapter 6: What Happens to Mined Social Media Data?	141
	Introduction	141
	Interviewees, Organisations, and Their Uses of Social Media Data Mining	144
	The Consequences of Social Media Data Mining	149
	Concrete Action and Organisational Complexity	149
	Organisational Change and the Quality of Working Life	153
	Data Evangelism and ‘The Fetishism of the 1000’	156
	‘The Parasite on the Rhino’? Reflections on Ethical Issues	163
	Conclusion: Consequences and Concerns	167
	Chapter 7: Fair Game? User Evaluations of Social Media Data Mining	170
	Introduction	170
	What Do Users Think? Studies of Users’ Views	173
	Quantitative Studies of Attitudes to Digital Data Tracking	173
	Qualitative Studies of Social Media User and Attitudes to Social Media Data Mining, and the ‘Contextual Integrity’ Framework	177
	Focus Group Methods for Researching User Perspectives	180
	What Do Users Think? Focus Group Findings	182
	Diverse Perspectives	182
	Common Threads: Concerns About Fairness	190
	What Concerns Users? Fairness, Transparency, Contextual Integrity	196
	Chapter 8: Doing Good with Data: Alternative Practices, Elephants in Rooms	199
	Introduction	199
	Elephants in Rooms: Academic Social Media Data Mining	201
	Overview of Academic Social Media Data Mining	201
	Concerns and Criticisms	203
	Un-Black-Boxing Social Media Data Mining	208
	Alternative Practices: Data Activism	212
	The Open Data Movement	212
	Re-active and Pro-active Data Activism	215
	Doing Good, Or Doing Bad, Through Data Activism?	222
	Conclusion	227
	Chapter 9: New Data Relations and the Desire for Numbers	230
	Established Concerns	231
	Emerging Concerns	233
	The Desire for Numbers	233
	(Not) Thinking Critically About Data-making	234
	Work Effects	237
	Doing Good with Data	239
	New Data Relations	241
	Doing Better with Data	243
	Bibliography	246
	Index	263