Preface	6
	Contents	12
	1 Introduction	15
	1.1 High-Temperature Inelasticity in Structural Materials	16
	1.1.1 Uni-axial Stress State	16
	1.1.2 Multi-axial Effects	36
	1.2 High-Temperature Inelasticity in Structures	44
	1.2.1 Examples for Creep in Structures	44
	1.2.2 Examples for Thermo-mechanical Cycling	53
	1.3 Microstructural Features and Length Scale Effects	66
	1.4 Temporal Scale Effects	73
	1.5 Modeling Approaches and Objectives	74
	1.5.1 Modeling Approaches	74
	1.5.2 Objectives, Modeling Requirements, and Steps for Structural Analysis	80
	References	82
	2 Continuum Mechanics in One Dimension	92
	2.1 Motion, Derivatives, and Deformation	93
	2.2 Conservation of Mass	96
	2.3 Balance of Momentum	96
	2.4 Balance of Energy	98
	2.5 Entropy Inequality	100
	2.6 Dissipation Inequality, Free Energy, and Stress	101
	References	103
	3 Elementary Uni-axial Constitutive Models	104
	3.1 Heat Transfer	104
	3.2 Thermo-elasticity	107
	3.3 Non-linear Viscosity, Viscoplasticity, and Rigid Plasticity	109
	3.4 Elasto-plasticity	112
	3.5 Hardening, Softening, and Ageing	119
	3.5.1 Strain Hardening	119
	3.5.2 Kinematic Hardening	123
	3.5.3 Phase Mixture Models for Hardening and Softening	128
	3.5.4 Ageing	133
	3.6 Damage	136
	3.6.1 Kachanov-Rabotnov Model	137
	3.6.2 Continuum Damage Mechanics	144
	References	149
	4 Three-Dimensional Continuum Mechanics	154
	4.1 Motion, Derivatives and Deformation	155
	4.1.1 Motion and Derivatives	155
	4.1.2 Deformation Gradient and Strain Tensors	157
	4.1.3 Velocity Gradient, Deformation Rate, and Spin Tensors	163
	4.2 Conservation of Mass	172
	4.3 Balance of Momentum	172
	4.3.1 Stress Vector	172
	4.3.2 Integral Form	173
	4.3.3 Stress Tensor and Cauchy Formula	174
	4.3.4 Local Forms	177
	4.4 Balance of Angular Momentum	178
	4.5 Balance of Energy	179
	4.6 Entropy and Dissipation Inequalities	181
	References	183
	5 Constitutive Models	185
	5.1 Heat Transfer	186
	5.2 Material and Physical Symmetries	188
	5.3 Thermo-elasticity	191
	5.3.1 Preliminary Remarks	191
	5.3.2 Isotropic Materials	194
	5.3.3 Anisotropic Materials	196
	5.3.4 Linear Elasticity	199
	5.4 Non-linear Viscosity, Viscoplasticity, and Rigid Plasticity	202
	5.4.1 Preliminary Remarks	202
	5.4.2 Isotropic Materials	210
	5.4.3 Initially Anisotropic Materials	217
	5.4.4 Functions of Stress and Temperature	235
	5.5 Elasto-plasticity	239
	5.5.1 Multiplicative Decomposition of Deformation Gradient	240
	5.5.2 Small Strains	248
	5.6 Hardening and Softening Rules	250
	5.6.1 Time and Strain Hardening	252
	5.6.2 Kinematic Hardening	254
	5.6.3 Phase Mixture Models for Hardening and Softening	262
	5.7 Damage Processes and Damage Mechanics	266
	5.7.1 Scalar-Valued Damage Variables	266
	5.7.2 Damage-Induced Anisotropy	278
	References	284
	6 Examples of Constitutive Equations for Various Materials	295
	6.1 Basic Approaches of Identification	295
	6.2 Isotropic Materials	297
	6.2.1 Type 316 Steel	297
	6.2.2 Steel 13CrMo4-5	298
	6.2.3 Steel X20CrMoV12-1	299
	6.2.4 Aluminium Alloy BS 1472	311
	6.3 Initially Anisotropic Materials	314
	6.3.1 Forged Al-Cu-Mg-Si Alloy	315
	6.3.2 Multi-pass Weld Metal	320
	References	330
	Appendix A Basic Operations of Tensor Algebra	335
	Appendix B Elements of Tensor Analysis	354
	Index	375